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Pascal Classification Scheme

001 Exact sciences and technology.
- 001A Sciences and techniques of general use.
- 001B Physics
  - 001B00 General.
  - 001B10 The physics of elementary particles and fields.
  - 001B20 Nuclear physics.
  - 001B30 Atomic and molecular physics.
  - 001B40 Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications).
    - 001B40A Electromagnetism; electron and ion optics.
    - 001B40B Optics.
      - 001B40B15 Geometrical optics.
      - 001B40B25 Wave optics.
      - 001B40B30 Imaging and optical processing.
      - 001B40B40 Holography.
      - 001B40B50 Quantum optics.
      - 001B40B55 Lasers.
      - 001B40B60 Laser optical systems: design and operation.
      - 001B40B62 Biological and medical applications.
      - 001B40B65 Nonlinear optics.
      - 001B40B68 Atmospheric optics.
        
        001B40B68A Propagation, transmission, attenuation and radiative transfer.
        
        001B40B68B Atmospheric turbulences effects.
        
        001B40B68G Effects of clouds and water, ice crystal phenomena.
        
        001B40B68J Aerosol effects.
        
        001B40B68S Image transmission and formation.
        
        001B40B68W Remote sensing; LIDAR and adaptive systems.
      - 001B40B70 Optical materials.
      - 001B40B72 Optical sources and standards.
      - 001B40B79 Optical elements, devices, and systems.
      - 001B40B81 Fiber optics.
      - 001B40B83 Micro- and nanooptical devices.
      - 001B40B86 Optical workshop techniques.
      - 001B40B87 Optical testing techniques.
      - 001B40B88 Radiation effects on optical elements, devices, and systems.
      - 001B40B90 Other topics in optics.
    - 001B40C Acoustics.
    - 001B40D Heat transfer.
    - 001B40F Solid mechanics.
    - 001B40G Fluid dynamics.
  - 001B50 Physics of gases, plasmas and electric discharges.
  - 001B60 Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties.
    - 001B60A Structure of solids and liquids; crystallography.
      - 001B60A10 X-ray diffraction and scattering. $Ver detalles 001B60A10 X-ray diffraction and scattering.$ $Buscar 001B60A10 X-ray diffraction and scattering.$
      - 001B60A12 Neutron diffraction and scattering. $Ver detalles 001B60A12 Neutron diffraction and scattering.$ $Buscar 001B60A12 Neutron diffraction and scattering.$
      - 001B60A14 Electron diffraction and scattering. $Ver detalles 001B60A14 Electron diffraction and scattering.$ $Buscar 001B60A14 Electron diffraction and scattering.$
      - 001B60A16 Electron, ion, and scanning probe microscopy.
      - 001B60A18 Other methods of structure determination.
      - 001B60A20 Structure of liquids.
      - 001B60A25 Studies of specific liquid structures.
      - 001B60A30 Liquid crystals.
      - 001B60A41 Polymers, elastomers, and plastics.
      - 001B60A43 Disordered solids.
      - 001B60A44 Semi-periodic solids.
      - 001B60A46 Nanoscale materials: clusters, nanoparticles, nanotubes, and nanocrystals.
      - 001B60A48 Fullerenes and fullerene-related materials.
      - 001B60A50 Crystalline state (including molecular motions in solids).
      - 001B60A66 Structure of specific crystalline solids.
      - 001B60A68 Crystallographic databases.
      - 001B60A72 Defects and impurities in crystals; microstructure.
        
        001B60A72B Theories and models of crystal defects.
        
        001B60A72C Kinetics of defect formation and annealing.
        
        001B60A72D Experimental determination of defects by diffraction and scattering. $Ver detalles 001B60A72D Experimental determination of defects by diffraction and scattering.$ $Buscar 001B60A72D Experimental determination of defects by diffraction and scattering.$
        
        001B60A72F Direct observation of dislocations and other defects (etch pits, decoration, electron microscopy, x-ray topography, etc.).
        
        001B60A72H Indirect evidence of dislocations and other defects (resistivity, slip, creep, strains, internal friction, EPR, NMR, etc.).
        
        001B60A72J Point defects (vacancies, interstitials, color centers, etc.) and defect clusters.
        
        001B60A72L Linear defects: dislocations, disclinations.
        
        001B60A72M Grain and twin boundaries.
        
        001B60A72N Stacking faults and other planar or extended defects.
        
        001B60A72Q Microscopic defects (voids, inclusions, etc.).
        
        001B60A72S Impurities: concentration, distribution, and gradients.
        
        001B60A72T Doping and impurity implantation in germanium and silicon.
        
        001B60A72V Doping and impurity implantation in III-V and II-VI semiconductors.
        
        001B60A72W Doping and impurity implantation in other materials.
        
        001B60A72Y Interaction between different crystal defects; gettering effect.
      - 001B60A80 Physical radiation effects, radiation damage.
      - 001B60A82 Radiation effects on specific materials.
      - 001B60A85 Channeling phenomena (blocking, energy loss, etc.).
      - 001B60A90 Other topics in structure of solids and liquids.
    - 001B60B Mechanical and acoustical properties of condensed matter.
    - 001B60C Lattice dynamics.
    - 001B60D Equations of state, phase equilibria, and phase transitions.
    - 001B60E Thermal properties of condensed matter.
    - 001B60F Transport properties of condensed matter (nonelectronic).
    - 001B60G Quantum fluids and solids; liquid and solid helium.
    - 001B60H Surfaces and interfaces; thin films and whiskers (structure and nonelectronic properties).
  - 001B70 Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties.
    - 001B70A Electron states.
    - 001B70B Electronic transport in condensed matter.
    - 001B70C Electronic structure and electrical properties of surfaces, interfaces, thin films and low-dimensional structures.
    - 001B70D Superconductivity.
      - 001B70D10 Occurrence, potential candidates.
      - 001B70D20 Theory and models of superconducting state.
      - 001B70D25 Properties of type I and type II superconductors.
      - 001B70D40 Fluctuations (noise, chaos, nonequilibrium superconductivity, localization, etc.).
      - 001B70D50 Proximity effects, weak links, tunneling phenomena, and Josephson effects, Adreev effect, SN and SNS junctions.
      - 001B70D62 Transition temperature variations.
      - 001B70D70 Superconducting materials (excluding high-T_c compounds).
      - 001B70D72 Cuprates superconductors (high Tc and insulating parent compounds).
      - 001B70D78 Superconducting films and low-dimensional structures.
        
        001B70D78B High-Tc films.
        
        001B70D78D Low Tc films.
        
        001B70D78F Multilayers, superlattices , heterostructures.
        
        001B70D78N Mesoscopic and nanoscale systems.
      - 001B70D81 Inhomogeneous superconductors and superconducting systems.
      - 001B70D90 Other topics in superconductivity.
    - 001B70E Magnetic properties and materials.
    - 001B70F Magnetic resonances and relaxations in condensed matter, Mössbauer effect.
    - 001B70G Dielectrics, piezoelectrics, and ferroelectrics and their properties.
    - 001B70H Optical properties and condensed-matter spectroscopy and other interactions of matter with particles and radiation.
    - 001B70I Electron and ion emission by liquids and solids; impact phenomena.
  - 001B80 Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology.
- 001C Chemistry.
- 001D Applied sciences.
- 001E Earth, ocean, space.
002 Biological and medical sciences.

Francis Classification Scheme