ADAPTATIONS AND ORIGINS OF ALPINE PLANTSBILLINGS WD.1974; ARCTIC ALP. RES.; U.S.A.; DA. 1974; VOL. 6; NO 2; PP. 129-142; BIBL. 1P.1/2; (1ST. INT. CONGR. SYST. EVOL. BIOL. SYMP.; BOULDER, COLO.; 1973)Conference Paper

DROUGHT TOLERANCE AND WATER USE BY PLANTS ALONG AN ALPINE TOPOGRAPHIC GRADIENTOBERBAUER SF; BILLINGS WD.1981; OECOLOGIA; ISSN 0029-8549; DEU; DA. 1981; VOL. 50; NO 3; PP. 325-331; BIBL. 17 REF.Article

EFFECTS OF DAYLENGTH AND TEMPERATURE ON ROOT ELONGATION IN TUNDRA GRAMINOIDS.SHAVER GR; BILLINGS WD.1977; OECOLOGIA; ALLEM.; DA. 1977; VOL. 28; NO 1; PP. 57-65; BIBL. 23 REF.Article

GEOMORPHIC PROCESS AND VEGETATIONAL CHANGE ALONG THE MEADE RIVER SAND BLUFFS IN NORTHERN ALASKA.PETERSON KM; BILLINGS WD.1978; ARCTIC; CAN; DA. 1978; VOL. 31; NO 1; PP. 7-23; ABS. FRE/RUS; BIBL. 12 REF.; 8 ILL.Article

CARBOHYDRATE ACCUMULATION IN TUNDRA GRAMINOID PLANTS AS A FUNCTION OF SEASON AND TISSUE AGE.SHAVER GR; BILLINGS WD.1976; FLORA; DTSCH.; DA. 1976; VOL. 165; NO 3; PP. 247-267; BIBL. 2 P.Article

ROOT PRODUCTION AND ROOT TURNOVER IN A WET TUNDRA ECOSYSTEM, BARROW, ALASKA.SHAVER GR; BILLINGS WD.1975; ECOLOGY; U.S.A.; DA. 1975; VOL. 56; NO 2; PP. 401-409; BIBL. 22 REF.Article

TUNDRA VEGETATIONAL PATTERNS AND SUCCESSION IN RELATION TO MICROTOPOGRAPHY NEAR ATKASOOK, ALASKAPETERSON KM; BILLINGS WD.1980; ARCT. ALP. RES.; ISSN 0004-0851; USA; DA. 1980; VOL. 12; NO 4; PP. 473-482; BIBL. 27 REF.Article

VEGETATIONAL CHANGE AND ICE-WEDGE POLYGONS THROUGH THE THAW-LAKE CYCLE IN ARCTIC ALASKA = MODIFICATION DE LA VEGETATION ET DES POLYGONES DE COINS DE GLACE AU COURS DU CYCLE DE FONTE DES LACS DANS LA REGION ARCTIQUE DE L'ALASKABILLINGS WD; PETERSON KM.1980; ARCT. ALP. RES.; ISSN 0004-0851; USA; DA. 1980; VOL. 12; NO 4; PP. 413-432; BIBL. 45 REF.; 2 TAB. ; ESQUISSE/ILL./TABL.Article

SEED GERMINATION AND VIVIPARY FROM A LATITUDINAL SERIES OF POPULATIONS OF THE ARCTIC-ALPINE GRASS TRISETUM SPICATUM.CLEBSCH EEC; BILLINGS WD.1976; ARCTIC ALP. RES.; U.S.A.; DA. 1976; VOL. 8; NO 3; PP. 255-262; BIBL. 24 REF.Article

CARBON DIOXIDE FLUX FROM TUNDRA SOILS AND VEGETATION AS RELATED TO TEMPERATURE AT BARROW, ALASKA = FLUX D'ANHYDRIDE CARBONIQUE DES SOLS ET DE LA VEGETATION DE LA TOUNDRA EN RAPPORT AVEC LA TEMPERATURE A BARROW, ALASKAPATERSON KM; BILLINGS WD.1975; AMER. MID. NATURALIST; U.S.A.; DA. 1975; VOL. 94; NO 1; PP. 88-98; BIBL. 1 P. 1/2Article

A STEEP LATITUDINAL GRADIENT OF SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION IN THE ARTIC-ALPINE LIFE ZONECALDWELL MM; ROBBECHT R; BILLINGS WD et al.1980; ECOLOGY; ISSN 0012-9658; USA; DA. 1980; VOL. 61; NO 3; PP. 600-611; BIBL. 23 REF.Article

ECOTYPIC DIFFERENTIATION IN CAREX AQUATILIS ON ICE-WEDGE POLYGONS IN THE ALASKAN COASTAL TUNDRASHAVER GR; CHAPIN FS III; BILLINGS WD et al.1979; J. ECOL.; GBR; DA. 1979; VOL. 67; NO 3; PP. 1025-1045; BIBL. 2 P.Article

MEASUREMENT OF ROOT GROWTH IN SIMULATED AND NATURAL TEMPERATURE GRADIENTS OVER PERMAFROST.BILLINGS WD; SHAVER GR; TRENT AW et al.1976; ARCTIC ALP. RES.; U.S.A.; DA. 1976; VOL. 8; NO 3; PP. 247-250; BIBL. 4 REF.Article

INCREASING ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE: POSSIBLE EFFECTS ON ARCTIC TUNDRABILLINGS WD; LUKEN JO; MORTENSEN DA et al.1983; OECOLOGIA; ISSN 0029-8549; DEU; DA. 1983; VOL. 58; NO 3; PP. 286-289; BIBL. 25 REF.Article

ARCTIC TUNDRA: A SOURCE OR SINK FOR ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE IN A CHANGING ENVIRONMENTBILLINGS WD; LUKEN JO; MORTENSEN DA et al.1982; OECOLOGIA; ISSN 0029-8549; DEU; DA. 1982; VOL. 53; NO 1; PP. 7-11; BIBL. 19 REF.Article

LEAF ULTRAVIOLET OPTICAL PROPERTIES ALONG A LATITUDINAL GRADIENT IN THE ARCTIC-ALPINE LIFE ZONEROBBERECHT R; CALDWELL MM; BILLINGS WD et al.1980; ECOLOGY; ISSN 0012-9658; USA; DA. 1980; VOL. 61; NO 3; PP. 612-619; BIBL. 27 REF.Article

RESOURCE USE BY CHAPARRAL AND MATORRAL; A COMPARISON OF VEGETATION FUNCTION IN TWO MEDITERRANEAN TYPE ECOSYSTEMS = UTILISATION DES RESSOURCES PAR LES FORMATIONS A EPINEUX DE TYPE CHAPARRAL ET MATORRAL: COMPARAISON DE LA FONCTION DE VEGETATION DE DEUX ECOSYSTEMES DE TYPE MEDITERRANEENMILLER PC ED; BILLINGS WD ED; GOLLEY F ED et al.1981; ECOLOGICAL STUDIES; USA; NEW YORK, NY:SPRINGER-VERLAG; DA. 1981; VOL. 39; 455; ILL.Book