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Pascal Classification Scheme

001 Exact sciences and technology.
- 001A Sciences and techniques of general use.
- 001B Physics
  - 001B00 General.
    - 001B00A Communication, education, history, and philosophy.
    - 001B00B Mathematical methods in physics.
    - 001B00C Classical and quantum physics: mechanics and fields.
    - 001B00D General relativity and gravitation.
    - 001B00E Statistical physics, thermodynamics, and nonlinear dynamical systems.
      - 001B00E10 Computational methods in statistical physics and nonlinear dynamics.
      - 001B00E20 Classical statistical mechanics.
      - 001B00E30 Quantum statistical mechanics.
      - 001B00E40 Fluctuation phenomena, random processes, noise, and Brownian motion.
        
        001B00E40C Noise.
        
        001B00E40F Random walks and Levy flights.
        
        001B00E40J Brownian motion.
      - 001B00E45 Nonlinear dynamics and nonlinear dynamical systems.
      - 001B00E50 Lattice theory and statistics (Ising, Potts, etc.).
      - 001B00E60 Transport processes.
      - 001B00E65 Self-organized systems.
      - 001B00E70 Thermodynamics.
      - 001B00E90 Other topics in statistical physics, thermodynamics, and nonlinear dynamical systems.
    - 001B00F Metrology, measurements and laboratory procedures.
    - 001B00G Instruments, apparatus, components and techniques common to several branches of physics and astronomy.
      - 001B00G05 Computers in experimental physics.
      - 001B00G07 General equipment and techniques.
      - 001B00G10 Mechanical instruments, equipment and techniques.
      - 001B00G20 Thermal instruments, apparatus and techniques.
      - 001B00G30 Vacuum apparatus and techniques.
        
        001B00G30B Degasification, residual gas.
        
        001B00G30C Vacuum pumps.
        
        001B00G30D Vacuum gauges.
        
        001B00G30H Vacuum testing methods; leak detectors.
        
        001B00G30K Vacuum chambers, auxiliary apparatus and materials.
      - 001B00G35 High-pressure apparatus and techniques; shock tubes; diamond anvil cells.
      - 001B00G50 Electrical and electronic components, instruments and techniques.
      - 001B00G55 Magnetic components, instruments and techniques.
      - 001B00G57 Infrared, submillimeter wave, microwave and radiowave instruments, equipment and techniques.
      - 001B00G60 Optical instruments, equipment and techniques.
      - 001B00G68 Photography, photographic instruments and techniques; xerography.
      - 001B00G75 Mass spectrometers and related techniques.
      - 001B00G77 Atomic, molecular and charged-particle sources and detectors.
      - 001B00G78 Electron, positron and ion microscopes, electron diffractometers and related techniques. $See details 001B00G78 Electron, positron and ion microscopes, electron diffractometers and related techniques.$ $Search 001B00G78 Electron, positron and ion microscopes, electron diffractometers and related techniques.$
      - 001B00G79 Scanning probe microscopes, components and techniques.
      - 001B00G81 Electron, ion spectrometers and related techniques.
      - 001B00G85 X- and ?-ray instruments and techniques.
      - 001B00G87 Spaceborne and space research instruments, apparatus and components (satellites, space vehicles, etc.).
      - 001B00G89 Environmental effects on instruments (e.g., radiation and pollution effects).
      - 001B00G90 Other topics in instruments, apparatus, components and techniques common to several branches of physics and astronomy.
  - 001B10 The physics of elementary particles and fields.
  - 001B20 Nuclear physics.
  - 001B30 Atomic and molecular physics.
  - 001B40 Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications).
  - 001B50 Physics of gases, plasmas and electric discharges.
  - 001B60 Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties.
    - 001B60A Structure of solids and liquids; crystallography.
      - 001B60A10 X-ray diffraction and scattering. $See details 001B60A10 X-ray diffraction and scattering.$ $Search 001B60A10 X-ray diffraction and scattering.$
      - 001B60A12 Neutron diffraction and scattering. $See details 001B60A12 Neutron diffraction and scattering.$ $Search 001B60A12 Neutron diffraction and scattering.$
      - 001B60A14 Electron diffraction and scattering. $See details 001B60A14 Electron diffraction and scattering.$ $Search 001B60A14 Electron diffraction and scattering.$
      - 001B60A16 Electron, ion, and scanning probe microscopy.
      - 001B60A18 Other methods of structure determination.
      - 001B60A20 Structure of liquids.
      - 001B60A25 Studies of specific liquid structures.
      - 001B60A30 Liquid crystals.
      - 001B60A41 Polymers, elastomers, and plastics.
      - 001B60A43 Disordered solids.
      - 001B60A44 Semi-periodic solids.
      - 001B60A46 Nanoscale materials: clusters, nanoparticles, nanotubes, and nanocrystals.
      - 001B60A48 Fullerenes and fullerene-related materials.
      - 001B60A50 Crystalline state (including molecular motions in solids).
      - 001B60A66 Structure of specific crystalline solids.
      - 001B60A68 Crystallographic databases.
      - 001B60A72 Defects and impurities in crystals; microstructure.
        
        001B60A72B Theories and models of crystal defects.
        
        001B60A72C Kinetics of defect formation and annealing.
        
        001B60A72D Experimental determination of defects by diffraction and scattering. $See details 001B60A72D Experimental determination of defects by diffraction and scattering.$ $Search 001B60A72D Experimental determination of defects by diffraction and scattering.$
        
        001B60A72F Direct observation of dislocations and other defects (etch pits, decoration, electron microscopy, x-ray topography, etc.).
        
        001B60A72H Indirect evidence of dislocations and other defects (resistivity, slip, creep, strains, internal friction, EPR, NMR, etc.).
        
        001B60A72J Point defects (vacancies, interstitials, color centers, etc.) and defect clusters.
        
        001B60A72L Linear defects: dislocations, disclinations.
        
        001B60A72M Grain and twin boundaries.
        
        001B60A72N Stacking faults and other planar or extended defects.
        
        001B60A72Q Microscopic defects (voids, inclusions, etc.).
        
        001B60A72S Impurities: concentration, distribution, and gradients.
        
        001B60A72T Doping and impurity implantation in germanium and silicon.
        
        001B60A72V Doping and impurity implantation in III-V and II-VI semiconductors.
        
        001B60A72W Doping and impurity implantation in other materials.
        
        001B60A72Y Interaction between different crystal defects; gettering effect.
      - 001B60A80 Physical radiation effects, radiation damage.
        
        001B60A80A Theory and models of radiation effects.
        
        001B60A80B Ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation effects (including laser radiation).
        
        001B60A80C X ray effects.
        
        001B60A80E ? ray effects.
        
        001B60A80F Electrons and positron radiation effects.
        
        001B60A80H Neutron radiation effects.
        
        001B60A80J Ion radiation effects.
        
        001B60A80L Atom and molecule irradiation effects.
      - 001B60A82 Radiation effects on specific materials.
      - 001B60A85 Channeling phenomena (blocking, energy loss, etc.).
      - 001B60A90 Other topics in structure of solids and liquids.
    - 001B60B Mechanical and acoustical properties of condensed matter.
    - 001B60C Lattice dynamics.
    - 001B60D Equations of state, phase equilibria, and phase transitions.
    - 001B60E Thermal properties of condensed matter.
    - 001B60F Transport properties of condensed matter (nonelectronic).
    - 001B60G Quantum fluids and solids; liquid and solid helium.
    - 001B60H Surfaces and interfaces; thin films and whiskers (structure and nonelectronic properties).
      - 001B60H10 Fluid surfaces and fluid-fluid interfaces.
      - 001B60H15 Liquid thin films.
      - 001B60H18 Langmuir-Blodgett films.
      - 001B60H35 Solid surfaces and solid-solid interfaces.
      - 001B60H45 Solid-fluid interfaces.
      - 001B60H55 Thin film structure and morphology.
      - 001B60H60 Physical properties of thin films, nonelectronic.
        
        001B60H60B Mechanical and acoustical properties.
        
        001B60H60D Thermal stability; thermal effects.
        
        001B60H60W Other nonelectronic physical properties.
      - 001B60H65 Low-dimensional structures (superlattices, quantum well structures, multilayers): structure, and nonelectronic properties.
      - 001B60H70 Whiskers and dendrites (growth, structure, and nonelectronic properties).
      - 001B60H75 Thick films (growth, structure, and non-electronic properties).
      - 001B60H90 Other topics in structure, and nonelectronic properties of surfaces and interfaces; thin films and whiskers.
  - 001B70 Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties.
    - 001B70A Electron states.
      - 001B70A10 Theories and models of many electron systems.
      - 001B70A15 Methods of electronic structure calculations.
      - 001B70A18 Fermi surface: calculations and measurements; effective mass, g factor.
      - 001B70A20 Electron density of states and band structure of crystalline solids.
      - 001B70A22 Electronic structure of liquid metals and semiconductors and their alloys.
      - 001B70A23 Electronic structure of disordered solids.
      - 001B70A27 Strongly correlated systems; heavy fermions.
      - 001B70A28 Narrow-band systems; intermediate-valence solids.
      - 001B70A30 Metal-insulator transitions and other electronic transitions.
      - 001B70A35 Excitons and related phenomena.
      - 001B70A36 Polaritons (including photon-phonon and photon-magnon interactions).
      - 001B70A38 Polarons and electron-phonon interactions.
      - 001B70A45 Collective effects.
        
        001B70A45G Exchange, correlation, dielectric and magnetic functions, plasmons.
        
        001B70A45L Charge-density-wave systems.
      - 001B70A55 Impurity and defect levels.
      - 001B70A60 Positron states.
      - 001B70A70 Level splitting and interactions.
      - 001B70A90 Other topics in electron states.
    - 001B70B Electronic transport in condensed matter.
    - 001B70C Electronic structure and electrical properties of surfaces, interfaces, thin films and low-dimensional structures.
    - 001B70D Superconductivity.
    - 001B70E Magnetic properties and materials.
    - 001B70F Magnetic resonances and relaxations in condensed matter, Mössbauer effect.
    - 001B70G Dielectrics, piezoelectrics, and ferroelectrics and their properties.
    - 001B70H Optical properties and condensed-matter spectroscopy and other interactions of matter with particles and radiation.
      - 001B70H20 Optical properties of bulk materials and thin films.
      - 001B70H30 Infrared and Raman spectra and scattering.
        
        001B70H30A Elemental semiconductors and insulators.
        
        001B70H30C Liquids.
        
        001B70H30E Solid metals and alloys.
        
        001B70H30F III-V and II-VI semiconductors.
        
        001B70H30H Other nonmetallic inorganics.
        
        001B70H30J Organic compounds, polymers.
        
        001B70H30L Disordered solids.
        
        001B70H30N Fullerenes and related materials.
      - 001B70H35 Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering; other light scattering.
      - 001B70H40 Visible and ultraviolet spectra.
      - 001B70H45 Stimulated emission.
      - 001B70H47 Time-resolved optical spectroscopies and other ultrafast optical measurements in condensed matter.
      - 001B70H55 Photoluminescence.
      - 001B70H60 Other luminescence and radiative recombination.
      - 001B70H66 Optical properties of specific thin films.
      - 001B70H67 Optical properties of low-dimensional, mesoscopic, and nanoscale materials and structures.
        
        001B70H67B Nanocrystals and nanoparticles.
        
        001B70H67C Nanotubes.
        
        001B70H67D Quantum wells.
        
        001B70H67H Quantum dots.
        
        001B70H67L Quantum wires.
        
        001B70H67P Multilayers, superlattices.
      - 001B70H68 Optical properties of surfaces.
      - 001B70H70 Other interactions of matter with particles and radiation.
      - 001B70H90 Other topics in optical properties of condensed matter and other interactions of matter with particles and radiation.
    - 001B70I Electron and ion emission by liquids and solids; impact phenomena.
  - 001B80 Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology.
- 001C Chemistry.
- 001D Applied sciences.
  - 001D00 General aspects.
  - 001D01 Operational research. management science.
  - 001D02 Computer science; control theory; systems.
  - 001D03 Electronics.
    - 001D03A General (including economical and industrial fields).
    - 001D03B Testing, measurement, noise and reliability.
    - 001D03C Materials.
    - 001D03D Electronic equipment and fabrication. Passive components, printed wiring boards, connectics.
    - 001D03E Electronic tubes, masers.
    - 001D03F Semiconductor electronics. Microelectronics. Optoelectronics. Solid state devices.
    - 001D03G Electric, optical and optoelectronic circuits.
      - 001D03G01 Theoretical study. Circuits analysis and design.
      - 001D03G02 Circuit properties.
      - 001D03G03 Neural networks.
    - 001D03H Display.
    - 001D03I Storage and reproduction of information.
    - 001D03J Hardware.
    - 001D03K Miscellaneous.
  - 001D04 Telecommunications and information theory.
  - 001D05 Electrical engineering. electrical power engineering.
  - 001D06 Energy.
  - 001D07 Chemical engineering.
  - 001D08 Chemical industry and chemicals.
  - 001D09 Physicochemistry of polymers.
  - 001D10 Polymer industry, paints, wood.
  - 001D11 Metals. metallurgy.
    - 001D11A General.
    - 001D11B Production of metals.
      - 001D11B01 Metallurgical fundamentals.
      - 001D11B02 Ores.
      - 001D11B03 Scrap. Recycling. Recovery metals.
      - 001D11B04 Iron and steel making.
      - 001D11B05 Production of non ferrous metals. Process materials.
        
        001D11B05A Pyrometallurgy.
        
        001D11B05B Hydrometallurgy.
        
        001D11B05C Electrometallurgy.
        
        001D11B05D Production of alloys.
        
        001D11B05E Gravity die casting and continuous casting.
        
        001D11B05F Production of pure metals.
    - 001D11C Production techniques.
    - 001D11D Joining, thermal cutting: metallurgical aspects.
    - 001D11E Corrosion.
    - 001D11F Chemical and electrochemical properties.
    - 001D11G Mechanical properties and methods of testing. Rheology. Fracture mechanics. Tribology.
    - 001D11H Analysing. Testing. Standards.
    - 001D11I Engineering techniques in metallurgy. Applications. Other aspects.
  - 001D12 Mechanical engineering. machine design.
  - 001D13 Material handling, hoisting. storage. packaging.
  - 001D14 Buildings. public works.
    - 001D14A General.
    - 001D14B Building economics. Cost.
    - 001D14C Structural analysis. Stresses.
    - 001D14D Construction works.
    - 001D14E Durability. Pathology. Repairing. Maintenance.
    - 001D14F Geotechnics.
    - 001D14G Materials.
    - 001D14H Construction (buildings and works).
    - 001D14I Buildings.
      - 001D14I01 External envelopes.
      - 001D14I02 Building technical equipments.
        
        001D14I02A Plumbing. Sanitary facilities.
        
        001D14I02B Environmental engineering.
        
        001D14I02B1 Energy management and energy conservation in building.
        
        001D14I02B2 Space heating.
        
        001D14I02B3 Ventilation. Air conditioning.
        
        001D14I02B4 Chimney. Smokestack.
        
        001D14I02B5 Miscellaneous.
        
        001D14I02C Electrical equipment.
        
        001D14I02D Lighting.
        
        001D14I02E Building mechanical equipments (elevators, goods lifts, escalators).
        
        001D14I02F Fire protection.
        
        001D14I02G Miscellaneous.
      - 001D14I03 Housing improvement. Restoration.
      - 001D14I04 Types of buildings.
      - 001D14I05 Miscellaneous.
    - 001D14J Water supply. Pipings. Water treatment.
    - 001D14K Sewerage. Sewer construction.
    - 001D14L Hydraulic constructions.
    - 001D14M Bridges.
    - 001D14N Tunnels, galleries.
    - 001D14O Transportation infrastructure.
    - 001D14P Nuclear power plants (construction and construction safety).
    - 001D14Q Miscellaneous.
  - 001D15 Ground, air and sea transportation, marine construction.
  - 001D16 Pollution.
    - 001D16A Water treatment and pollution.
      - 001D16A01 General.
      - 001D16A02 Drinking water and swimming-pool water. Desalination.
      - 001D16A03 Industrial use water.
      - 001D16A04 Natural water pollution.
        
        001D16A04A Analysis methods.
        
        001D16A04B Groundwaters.
        
        001D16A04C Continental surface waters.
        
        001D16A04D Seawaters, estuaries.
        
        001D16A04E Rainwaters, run off water and others.
        
        001D16A04F Biological and physicochemical phenomena.
      - 001D16A05 Wastewaters.
      - 001D16A06 Sewerage works: sewers, sewage treatment plants, outfalls, ...
      - 001D16A07 Wastewaters reuse. Miscellaneous.
    - 001D16B Wastes.
    - 001D16C Atmospheric pollution.
    - 001D16D Soil and sediments pollution.
    - 001D16E Global environmental pollution.
  - 001D17 Other techniques and industries.
- 001E Earth, ocean, space.
  - 001E01 Earth sciences.
    - 001E01A Mineralogy.
    - 001E01B Geochemistry.
    - 001E01C Isotope geochemistry. Geochronology.
    - 001E01D Cosmochemistry. Extraterrestrial geology.
    - 001E01E Metallic and non-metallic deposits.
    - 001E01F Crystalline rocks.
    - 001E01G Sedimentary rocks.
    - 001E01H Marine geology.
    - 001E01I Stratigraphy.
    - 001E01J Areal geology. Maps.
      - 001E01J01 Areal geology.
      - 001E01J02 Geologic maps, cartography.
    - 001E01K General geology.
    - 001E01L Tectonics. Structural geology. Plate tectonics.
    - 001E01M Internal geophysics.
    - 001E01N Hydrology. Hydrogeology.
    - 001E01O Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics.
    - 001E01P Surficial geology.
    - 001E01Q Paleontology.
  - 001E02 External geophysics.
  - 001E03 Astronomy.
    - 001E03A Fundamental astronomy and astrophysics. Instrumentation, techniques, and astronomical observations.
    - 001E03B Solar System.
    - 001E03C Stars.
      - 001E03C10 Stellar characteristics and properties.
      - 001E03C20 Normal stars (by class): general or individual.
      - 001E03C21 Pre-main sequence objects, young stellar objects (YSO's) and protostars (T Tauri stars, Orion population, Herbig-Haro objects, Bok globules, bipolar outflows, cometary nebulae, etc.).
      - 001E03C30 Variable and peculiar stars (including novae).
      - 001E03C60 Late stages of stellar evolution (including black holes).
        
        001E03C60B Supernovae.
        
        001E03C60G Pulsars.
        
        001E03C60J Neutron stars.
        
        001E03C60L Black holes.
      - 001E03C80 Binary and multiple stars.
      - 001E03C82 Extrasolar planetary systems.
      - 001E03C90 Other topics on stars.
    - 001E03D Stellar systems. Galactic and extragalactic objects and systems. The Universe.
    - 001E03E Extraterrestrial life and intelligence.
002 Biological and medical sciences.
- 002A Fundamental and applied biological sciences. psychology.
  - 002A01 General aspects.
  - 002A02 Analytical, structural and metabolic biochemistry.
  - 002A03 Molecular biophysics.
  - 002A04 Molecular and cellular biology.
  - 002A05 Microbiology.
  - 002A06 Fundamental immunology.
  - 002A07 Genetics of eukaryotes. biological and molecular evolution.
  - 002A08 Tissues, organs and organisms biophysics.
  - 002A09 Plant cytology, morphology, systematics, chorology and evolution.
  - 002A10 Plant physiology and development.
  - 002A11 Protozoa.
  - 002A12 Invertebrates.
  - 002A13 Animal ethology.
  - 002A14 Animal, plant and microbial ecology.
  - 002A15 Vertebrates: general zoology, morphology, phylogeny, systematics, cytogenetics, geographical distribution.
  - 002A16 Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems.
  - 002A17 Vertebrates: digestive system.
  - 002A18 Vertebrates: urinary system.
  - 002A19 Vertebrates: skin, associated glands, phaneres, light organs, various exocrine glands (salt gland, uropygial gland...), adipose tissue, connective tissue.
  - 002A20 Vertebrates: respiratory system.
  - 002A21 Vertebrates: blood, hematopoietic organs, reticuloendothelial system.
  - 002A22 Vertebrates: cardiovascular system.
  - 002A23 Vertebrates: osteoarticular system, musculoskeletal system.
  - 002A24 Vertebrates: body movement. posture. locomotion. flight. swimming. physical exercise. rest. sports.
  - 002A25 Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs.
  - 002A26 Psychology. psychophysiology.
    - 002A26A General aspects.
    - 002A26B Psychometrics. Statistics. Methodology.
    - 002A26C Behavioral psychophysiology.
    - 002A26D Activity levels. Psychomotricity.
    - 002A26E Perception.
    - 002A26F Learning. Memory.
    - 002A26G Personality. Affectivity.
    - 002A26H Cognition. Intelligence.
      - 002A26H01 Theories.
      - 002A26H02 Psychometrics.
      - 002A26H03 Mental imagery. Mental representation.
      - 002A26H04 Spatial perception. Time perception.
      - 002A26H05 Reasoning. Problem solving.
      - 002A26H06 Intellectual and cognitive abilities.
      - 002A26H07 Creativity.
      - 002A26H08 Decision making. Choice.
      - 002A26H09 Miscellaneous.
    - 002A26I Language.
    - 002A26J Developmental psychology.
      - 002A26J01 Theories.
      - 002A26J02 Psychometrics.
      - 002A26J03 Child development.
      - 002A26J04 Adolescent.
      - 002A26J05 Adult. Elderly.
      - 002A26J06 Miscellaneous.
    - 002A26K Educational psychology.
    - 002A26L Occupational psychology.
    - 002A26M Social psychology.
    - 002A26N Psychology and medicine.
    - 002A26P Differential and comparative psychology.
    - 002A26Q Applied psychology.
    - 002A26R Parapsychology.
  - 002A27 Psychoanalysis.
  - 002A28 Vertebrates: endocrinology.
  - 002A29 Vertebrates: reproduction.
  - 002A30 Embryology: invertebrates and vertebrates. teratology.
  - 002A31 Biotechnology.
  - 002A32 Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions.
  - 002A33 Forestry.
  - 002A34 Phytopathology. animal pests. plant and forest protection.
  - 002A35 Food industries.
  - 002A36 Animal productions.
  - 002A37 Medically important nuisances and vectors, pests of stored products and materials: population survey and control.
- 002B Medical sciences.

Francis Classification Scheme