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Pascal Classification Scheme

001 Exact sciences and technology.
- 001A Sciences and techniques of general use.
- 001B Physics
  - 001B00 General.
    - 001B00A Communication, education, history, and philosophy.
    - 001B00B Mathematical methods in physics.
    - 001B00C Classical and quantum physics: mechanics and fields.
    - 001B00D General relativity and gravitation.
    - 001B00E Statistical physics, thermodynamics, and nonlinear dynamical systems.
    - 001B00F Metrology, measurements and laboratory procedures.
    - 001B00G Instruments, apparatus, components and techniques common to several branches of physics and astronomy.
      - 001B00G05 Computers in experimental physics.
      - 001B00G07 General equipment and techniques.
      - 001B00G10 Mechanical instruments, equipment and techniques.
      - 001B00G20 Thermal instruments, apparatus and techniques.
      - 001B00G30 Vacuum apparatus and techniques.
      - 001B00G35 High-pressure apparatus and techniques; shock tubes; diamond anvil cells.
      - 001B00G50 Electrical and electronic components, instruments and techniques.
        
        001B00G50E Circuits ans circuit components.
        
        001B00G50H Electrical noise and shielding, interference.
        
        001B00G50L Electrometers.
        
        001B00G50Q Signal processing electronics.
      - 001B00G55 Magnetic components, instruments and techniques.
      - 001B00G57 Infrared, submillimeter wave, microwave and radiowave instruments, equipment and techniques.
      - 001B00G60 Optical instruments, equipment and techniques.
      - 001B00G68 Photography, photographic instruments and techniques; xerography.
      - 001B00G75 Mass spectrometers and related techniques.
      - 001B00G77 Atomic, molecular and charged-particle sources and detectors.
      - 001B00G78 Electron, positron and ion microscopes, electron diffractometers and related techniques. $See details 001B00G78 Electron, positron and ion microscopes, electron diffractometers and related techniques.$ $Search 001B00G78 Electron, positron and ion microscopes, electron diffractometers and related techniques.$
      - 001B00G79 Scanning probe microscopes, components and techniques.
      - 001B00G81 Electron, ion spectrometers and related techniques.
      - 001B00G85 X- and ?-ray instruments and techniques.
      - 001B00G87 Spaceborne and space research instruments, apparatus and components (satellites, space vehicles, etc.).
      - 001B00G89 Environmental effects on instruments (e.g., radiation and pollution effects).
      - 001B00G90 Other topics in instruments, apparatus, components and techniques common to several branches of physics and astronomy.
  - 001B10 The physics of elementary particles and fields.
    - 001B10A General theory of fields and particles.
      - 001B10A10 Field theory.
      - 001B10A15 Gauge field theories.
      - 001B10A25 Theory of fundamental strings.
      - 001B10A27 Extented classical solutions; cosmic strings, domain walls, texture.
      - 001B10A30 Symmetry and conservation laws.
      - 001B10A40 Currents and their properties.
      - 001B10A55 S matrix theory; analytic structure of amplitudes.
      - 001B10A80 Relativistic scattering theory.
        
        001B10A80C Kinematical properties (helicity and invariant amplitudes, kinematic singularities, etc.).
        
        001B10A80E Partial-wave analysis.
        
        001B10A80F Approximations (eikonal approximation, variational principles, etc.).
        
        001B10A80G Multichannel scattering.
        
        001B10A80J Many-body scattering and Faddeev equation.
        
        001B10A80L Multiple scattering.
      - 001B10A90 Other topics in general field and particle theory.
    - 001B10B Specific theories and interaction models; particle systematics.
    - 001B10C Specific reactions and phenomenology.
    - 001B10D Properties of specific particles.
  - 001B20 Nuclear physics.
    - 001B20A Nuclear structure.
    - 001B20C Radioactive decay and in-beam spectroscopy.
    - 001B20D Nuclear reactions: general.
    - 001B20E Nuclear reactions: specific reactions.
      - 001B20E10 Nuclear reactions involving few-nucleon systems.
      - 001B20E20 Photonuclear reactions.
      - 001B20E30 Lepton-induced reactions.
      - 001B20E40 Nucleon-induced reactions.
        
        001B20E40C Elastic proton scattering.
        
        001B20E40D Elastic neutron scattering.
        
        001B20E40E Inelastic proton scattering.
        
        001B20E40F Inelastic neutron scattering.
        
        001B20E40H Transfer reactions.
        
        001B20E40K Charge-exchange reactions.
        
        001B20E40L Radiative capture.
        
        001B20E40N Resonance reactions.
        
        001B20E40Q (p,?) reactions.
        
        001B20E40S Spallation reactions.
        
        001B20E40V Other reactions above meson production thresholds (energies > 400 MeV).
      - 001B20E43 Antiproton-induced reactions.
      - 001B20E45 ²H-induced reactions.
      - 001B20E55 ³H, ³He, and ⁴He-induced reactions.
      - 001B20E60 Reactions induced by unstable nuclei.
      - 001B20E70 Low and intermediate energy heavy-ion reactions.
      - 001B20E75 Relativistic heavy-ion reactions (collisions induced by light ions studied to calibrate relativistic heavy ion collisions, should be classified under both 001B20E75 and the 001B10C ou 001B20E category appropriate to the light ions).
      - 001B20E80 Meson- and hyperon-induced reactions.
      - 001B20E85 Fission reactions.
      - 001B20E90 Other topics in nuclear reactions: specific reactions.
    - 001B20F Nuclear astrophysics.
    - 001B20G Properties of specific nuclei listed by mass ranges.
    - 001B20H Nuclear engineering and nuclear power studies.
    - 001B20I Experimental methods and instrumentation for elementary-particle and nuclear physics.
  - 001B30 Atomic and molecular physics.
  - 001B40 Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications).
    - 001B40A Electromagnetism; electron and ion optics.
      - 001B40A20 Applied classical electromagnetism.
      - 001B40A50 X-ray beams and x-ray optics.
      - 001B40A60 Radiation by moving charges.
      - 001B40A75 Charged-particle beams.
        
        001B40A75A Positive-ion beams.
        
        001B40A75C Negative-ion beams.
        
        001B40A75F Electron and positron beams.
        
        001B40A75H Relativistic electron and positron beams.
        
        001B40A75J Laser-driven acceleration.
        
        001B40A75L Other advanced accelerator concepts.
      - 001B40A85 Beam optics.
      - 001B40A90 Other topics in electromagnetism; electron and ion optics.
    - 001B40B Optics.
    - 001B40C Acoustics.
    - 001B40D Heat transfer.
    - 001B40F Solid mechanics.
    - 001B40G Fluid dynamics.
  - 001B50 Physics of gases, plasmas and electric discharges.
  - 001B60 Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties.
    - 001B60A Structure of solids and liquids; crystallography.
    - 001B60B Mechanical and acoustical properties of condensed matter.
    - 001B60C Lattice dynamics.
    - 001B60D Equations of state, phase equilibria, and phase transitions.
    - 001B60E Thermal properties of condensed matter.
    - 001B60F Transport properties of condensed matter (nonelectronic).
    - 001B60G Quantum fluids and solids; liquid and solid helium.
    - 001B60H Surfaces and interfaces; thin films and whiskers (structure and nonelectronic properties).
      - 001B60H10 Fluid surfaces and fluid-fluid interfaces.
        
        001B60H10C Surface energy (surface tension, interface tension, angle of contact, etc.).
        
        001B60H10E Interface elasticity, viscosity, and viscoelasticity.
        
        001B60H10G Interface activity, spreading.
        
        001B60H10J Kinetics (evaporation, adsorption, condensation, catalysis, etc.).
      - 001B60H15 Liquid thin films.
      - 001B60H18 Langmuir-Blodgett films.
      - 001B60H35 Solid surfaces and solid-solid interfaces.
      - 001B60H45 Solid-fluid interfaces.
      - 001B60H55 Thin film structure and morphology.
      - 001B60H60 Physical properties of thin films, nonelectronic.
      - 001B60H65 Low-dimensional structures (superlattices, quantum well structures, multilayers): structure, and nonelectronic properties.
      - 001B60H70 Whiskers and dendrites (growth, structure, and nonelectronic properties).
      - 001B60H75 Thick films (growth, structure, and non-electronic properties).
      - 001B60H90 Other topics in structure, and nonelectronic properties of surfaces and interfaces; thin films and whiskers.
  - 001B70 Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties.
    - 001B70A Electron states.
    - 001B70B Electronic transport in condensed matter.
      - 001B70B10 Theory of electronic transport; scattering mechanisms.
      - 001B70B15 Electronic conduction in metals and alloys.
        
        001B70B15C Electrical and thermal conduction in amorphous and liquid metals and alloys.
        
        001B70B15E Electrical and thermal conduction in crystalline metals and alloys.
        
        001B70B15G Galvanomagnetic and other magnetotransport effects.
        
        001B70B15J Thermoelectric and thermomagnetic effects.
        
        001B70B15L Relaxation times and mean free paths.
        
        001B70B15N Collective modes (e.g., in one-dimensional conductors).
        
        001B70B15Q Scattering mechanisms and Kondo effect.
        
        001B70B15R Localization effects (Anderson or weak localization).
      - 001B70B20 Conductivity phenomena in semiconductors and insulators.
      - 001B70B25 Spin polarized transport.
      - 001B70B30 High-frequency effects; plasma effects.
      - 001B70B40 Photoconduction and photovoltaic effects; photodielectric effects.
      - 001B70B50 Acoustoelectric effects.
      - 001B70B55 Magnetoacoustic effects.
      - 001B70B60 Mixed conductivity and conductivity transitions.
      - 001B70B70 Noise processes and phenomena.
      - 001B70B80 Conductivity of specific materials.
      - 001B70B90 Other topics in electronic transport in condensed matter.
    - 001B70C Electronic structure and electrical properties of surfaces, interfaces, thin films and low-dimensional structures.
    - 001B70D Superconductivity.
    - 001B70E Magnetic properties and materials.
    - 001B70F Magnetic resonances and relaxations in condensed matter, Mössbauer effect.
    - 001B70G Dielectrics, piezoelectrics, and ferroelectrics and their properties.
    - 001B70H Optical properties and condensed-matter spectroscopy and other interactions of matter with particles and radiation.
    - 001B70I Electron and ion emission by liquids and solids; impact phenomena.
  - 001B80 Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology.
    - 001B80A Materials science.
      - 001B80A05 Specific materials.
      - 001B80A07 Nanoscale materials and structures: fabrication and characterization.
      - 001B80A10 Methods of crystal growth; physics of crystal growth.
        
        001B80A10A Theory and models of crystal growth; physics of crystal growth, crystal morphology and orientation.
        
        001B80A10B Growth from vapor.
        
        001B80A10D Growth from solutions.
        
        001B80A10F Growth from melts; zone melting and refining.
        
        001B80A10J Growth from solid phases (including multiphase diffusion and recrystallization).
        
        001B80A10M Growth in microgravity environments.
      - 001B80A15 Methods of deposition of films and coatings; film growth and epitaxy.
      - 001B80A16 Methods of nanofabrication.
      - 001B80A20 Materials synthesis; materials processing.
      - 001B80A30 Phase diagrams and microstructures developed by solidification and solid-solid phase transformations.
      - 001B80A40 Treatment of materials and its effects on microstructure and properties.
      - 001B80A65 Surface treatments.
      - 001B80A70 Materials testing.
      - 001B80A90 Other topics in materials science.
    - 001B80C Rheology.
- 001C Chemistry.
- 001D Applied sciences.
- 001E Earth, ocean, space.
002 Biological and medical sciences.

Francis Classification Scheme

518- Ecoinfo
519- Philosophy
520- Educational sciences
521- Sociology
522- History of science and technology
- 522-1 General points
- 522-57 Mathematical sciences and techniques
- 522-75 Physical sciences and techniques
- 522-171 Technology
- 522-255 Earth sciences
- 522-336 Life sciences
  - 522-337 Natural sciences
  - 522-340 Breeding; Food
  - 522-359 Biology
    - 522-360 General points
    - 522-361 Palaeontology; evolution; genetics
    - 522-366 Botany
      - 522-367 History
      - 522-371A Pre-Columbian America.
      - 522-377A 21th century.
      - 522-378 Processed products
    - 522-379 Zoology
    - 522-394 Anatomy; physiology
    - 522-404 Biochemistry; biophysics; cytology
    - 522-409 Sexology
    - 522-412 Obstetrics; Gynecology
    - 522-415 Microbiology; parasitology
    - 522-420 Medicine; surgery; pharmacy
523- History and sciences of litterature
524- Linguistics
525- Prehistory and protohistory
526- Art and archaeology
527- History and sciences of religions
528- Administrative science
529- Ethnology
531- Geography
533- Latin america
540- Repertory of art and archaeology.
600-
603- Computer processing and legal sciences
610-
616- Company management
617- General economics
731- Energy economics
760- Public health. Hygiene.
770- Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry.
790- Information and communication sciences